Japanese i-adjective
itai — painful 痛い
Explore the principal positive, negative, past, non-past and conditional forms of this Japanese adjective.
How i-adjectives conjugate
The final い changes to create negative, past and connecting forms. The adjective itself carries this grammatical information, so a separate verb is not required in the plain forms.
Conjugation table
The English glosses are approximate; the natural translation depends on the surrounding sentence.
| Form | Style | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present (non-past) | Plain | is painful itai 痛い | is not painful itakunai 痛くない |
| Polite | itai desu 痛いです | itakunai desu 痛くないです | |
| Past | Plain | was painful itakatta 痛かった | was not painful itakunakatta 痛くなかった |
| Polite | itakatta desu 痛かったです | itakunakatta desu 痛くなかったです | |
| Presumptive | Plain | will probably be painful itai darō 痛いだろう | itakunai darō 痛くないだろう |
| Polite | itai deshō 痛いでしょう | itakunai deshō 痛くないでしょう | |
| Conditional | Standard | if it is painful itakereba 痛ければ | if it is not painful itakunakereba 痛くなければ |
| Connecting form | Standard | itakute 痛くて | itakunakute 痛くなくて |
These conjugations are generated automatically and are intended as a learning guide. Check the natural usage in context when accuracy is important.